We have used three-dimensional simulation to investigate application of a new body Contact to SOI devices. Performance characteristics of the new body Contact on high-voltage SOI devices were studied. Our comparative investigation showed increased current drive, improved cutoff frequency, reduced on-resistance while attaining satisfactory breakdown voltage. The new body Contact is applicable to both high and low voltage SOI MOSFETs.

Different types of Contact, including Contact between node pairs, any-Contact of nodes, and Contacts of the entire network, are used to characterize social relations in mobile social networks. Different modes of routing, from the point of view of message delivery semantics, encompass unicasting, multicasting, any-casting, and broadcasting. Studies have shown that using probability distribution functions of Contact data, which is mainly assumed to be homogeneous for nodes, improves the performance of these networks. However, there exists an important challenge in studies on distributions. A lot of works apply the distribution of one type of Contact to other types. Hence in routing applications, it causes to use of the distribution of one type of Contact for any mode of routing. This study provides a complete solution to model each type of homogeneous Contact data distribution and to use them in different modes of routing. We propose a routing algorithm that uses this new model. Results show that our solution improves the average latency of comparing methods Epidemic, TCCB, and DR about 3.5-times, 30%, and 45%, respectively. It achieves a delivery rate of about 5% and 6%, and average latency about 6% and 8% better than that of DR and TCCB, respectively.

One of the most important issues in agricultural machinery section is tyre-soil interactions. In this study, a single wheel tester was used to follow experiments in controlled conditions in a soil bin. A Goodyear 12. 4-28, 6 ply tractor drive tyre was operated at three vertical loads of 6, 9 and 12 kN, three inflation pressures of 80, 120 and 160 kPa and three moisture content of soil: 11. 20, 14. 86 and 18. 68 % d. b to investigate the effect of the variables on these parameters: Contact Area, Contact pressure, compaction, and soil apparent electrical conductivity. It was found that medium Contact pressure had a direct relation with vertical load, inflation pressure and moisture content. A regression model with R-square of 0. 946 was achieved to predict Contact pressure. Soil electrical conductivity changes was predicted with acceptable determination coefficient of 0. 850 by using of vertical load, inflation pressure and moisture content. Determination coefficient magnitude for models to predict resistance to soil penetration (cone index) using soil apparent electrical conductivity, decreased when moisture content was increased. The vertical load and inflation pressure were found two factors controlling the soil apparent electrical conductivity changes in low and high moisture content, respectively. Error percentage in using soil apparent electrical conductivity parameter to estimate the penetration resistance increased with increasing moisture content.

Background: Sports activities may alter the parameters of plantar pressure distribution while walking. Objectives: The present study aimed to compare the peak pressure, maximum force, Contact Area, and Contact time between the right and left foot and their correlations with height and weight in elite weightlifters. Methods: This study was conducted on 12 elite weightlifters with the mean age of 23. 2  2. 26 years. The parameters of plantar pressure distribution were measured using the Emed platform during barefoot walking. In addition, the AutoMask software was used to divide the sole into 10 anatomical regions. The parameters of peak pressure, maximum force, Contact Area, and Contact time in each region were also estimated using the MultiMask evaluation software. Data analysis was performed using paired t-test and Pearson’ s correlation-coeffi cient (P  0. 05). Results: Signifi cant diff erences were observed in the peak pressure parameter in the third region (medial midfoot) and maximum force parameter in the ninth region (9th toe) between the right and left foot. Moreover, positive, signifi cant correlations were denoted between height and weight with the peak pressure, maximum force, Contact Area, and Contact time (P < 0. 01). In the left foot, an inverse, signifi cant correlation was observed between the maximum force and height in the fi fth region (fi rst metatarsal bone) (P < 0. 05). Conclusions: According to the results, the functional demand for both feet is very close in weightlifting. Therefore, insole designers must pay special attention to the reduction of the load on the third to fi fth metatarsal bones in order to prevent complications such as metatarsalgia in athletes in the long run.

Counter-urbanization has been defined with many definitions in research literature as increasing of the small town population in the process of urban expansion and development. This study investigates the counter-urbanization process in Isfahan metropolitan Area based on an exploratory method using the population and immigration data, diurnal commuting, and the immigration motivators. The results show that, during different periods, population growth has been changed from the greater cities’ metropolitan Area to the small towns. So that, there is less population growth near the main greater cities during the last decade. Regarding the immigration as well as migration effectiveness over the population, and immigration motivators, it can be said that the most important parameters of small towns’ expansion near the greater cities are better habitation opportunities, and finding better jobs. Furthermore, decreasing the diurnal commuting close to the greater cities shows that small towns, which are farther from the greater city, have more autonomy. In addition, based on polarization reversal model, and population development investigation in metropolitan Areas, there are population development from the greater cities’ centre to the periphery Area, which is leaded to decrease the population of the main greater city, and increase the population absorption in small towns. Consequently, the urbanization of Isfahan metropolitan Area has entered to a counter-urbanization phase.

The objective of this study is to investigate both the Contact Area and the interfacial separation between two surfaces. Both surfaces are considered to be rough, one of them being elastic and the other one hard. The work is based on an extended version of Persson’s model of Contact mechanics to study the behavior of the Contact Area, the interfacial separation and the pressure distribution. The results are compared with the case merely the hard substrate is rough. It is seen that introducing a roughness in the elastic surface decreases the real Contact, if the surfaces are uncorrelated. A positive (negative) correlation increases (decreases) the real Contact. A reverse pattern occurs for the width of the pressure distribution, as well as the interfacial separation (at equal pressures).

Introduction: Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) reacts mainly with proteins and its effectiveness depends on the substances chemical reactivity. It has been reported that volume, concentration, renewal, time, temperature and Contact Area affect the diffusion of NaOCl in the root canal. However, the relationship between some of these factors is not clear. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of volume, Contact Area, concentration and renewal frequency of 2. 5% and 9. 8% NaOCl solutions on their organic matter dissolving-capacity. Methods and Materials: Pieces of gelatine (18% w/v) with standardized weight, form and structure were either fully or partially exposed to a 2. 5% or 9. 8% NaOCl solution. In three successive studies, biological dissolution-capacity of NaOCl was tested under different conditions. In experiment 1 the effect of volume/time, in experiment 2 the time/concentration/renewal frequency and in experiment 3 the Contact Area/renewal frequency/concentration/time of 2. 5% or 9. 8% NaOCl solutions on dissolving-capacity of organic matter were studied. The weight loss of gelatine pieces over time was registered. The non-parametric tests of Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis at the 5% threshold were used for statistical analysis. Results: The differences between the two concentrations of NaOCl solution (2. 5% and 9. 8%) are statistically significant in the effects of different volumes on total dissolution time (P<0. 05). Differences in weight loss according to the concentration of the NaOCl solution used (2. 5% or 9. 8%) were significant after 2 min of Contact time (P<0. 05). Differences in weight loss between the model and the tube are significant (P<0. 05) when the solution is repeated every 30 sec and every 1 min after 2 min of Contact. Conclusion: This in vitro study showed that using a more concentrated NaOCl solution would certainly improve the endodontic disinfection, but the biological risk in case of apical extrusion should be considered.